We have been seeing this issue in DWR/Spring integrations. It looks like the Spring guys changed (changed since Spring 3.x?) their schema and now require an id attribute on top-level annotation-config elements. DWR uses a Spring class to parse the XML and it throws the following error:

“Configuration problem: Id is required for element ‘annotation-config’ when used as a top-level tag”

It appears for now adding an id attribute resolves the issue. I will continue to look into this.

This post applies to DWR 3.x and Spring 3.x. Configuring DWR to work with annotations and Spring isn’t difficult, but there are a lot of moving parts and many users struggle with it. There are a few elements that DWR has available and understanding them is key (these elements can be viewed in the DWR Spring schema – http://directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr-3.0.xsd):

annotation-scan – This element enables DWR to scan the classpath, detect beans annotated with @RemoteProxy, @RemoteMethod, @DataTransferObject and register the beans (@DataTransferObject) and Creator proxies (@RemoteProxy & @RemoteMethod) for them.

annotation-config – This element enables DWR to scan the Spring context, detect beans annotated with @RemoteProxy and @RemoteMethod and registers Creator proxies for them. Note this element will only search the Spring context and will only create the Creator proxies. You will need to manually register converters for the types the proxy methods will return or accepts as parameters.

For now I have completed two sample applications that you can use to get started. I don’t have time to discuss the code right now but it is pretty straightforward.

• dwr3SampleAppSpring3AnnotNonSpringMVC
• dwr3SampleAppSpring3Annot

If you want to integrate DWR 3.x with Spring you can follow my previous posts (note – I have included a working sample application and updated source at the bottom of this page):

1. I am using DWR 2.0.x, Spring 2.x, and Spring MVC
2. I am using DWR 2.0.x, Spring 2.x, but I am not using Spring MVC

However, you will need to make the following changes.

Spring 2.5 or greater is Required

You must upgrade to Spring 2.5 or higher (I am using Spring 3.0.4).

Update you Spring Application Context

Update your Spring Application Context:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:dwr="http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
    http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr
    http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr-3.0.xsd">

I have added two working examples (~10 mb in size), both of these zip files contain all source as well as a working web-app that you can drop into your container:

• DWR 3.x, Spring 3.x using Spring MVC
• DWR 3.x, Spring 3.x, without Spring MVC

DWR and Spring is a great combination. The Spring integration in DWR can support many configurations but many times this can lead to confusion. The goal of this article is to provide developers with a working skeleton for several common environments (using Spring MVC, not using Spring MVC, using the DWR Namespace, etc.).

References

Before we get started you may want to take a quick look at the official DWR documentation.

The DWR Namespace Handler:

Spring 2.x introduced an “XML Namespace Handlers” feature. DWR 2.x allows you to leverage this feature through a custom namespace — eliminating the need for the DWR configuration file (dwr.xml). If you are using DWR > 2.0.x and Spring > 2.x this is the recommended approach if you want seamless integration (almost) between DWR and Spring.

There are a myriad of configurations to consider.  I have included what I feel or the more popular choices.  Please select a link for a detailed description of each configuration and to download a fully functioning basic example:

1. I am using DWR 3.x, and Spring 3.x …
2. I am using DWR 3.x and Spring 3.x and I would like to use Annotations without Spring MVC.
3. I am using DWR 3.x and Spring 3.x and I would like to use Annotations with Spring MVC.
4. I am using DWR 2.0.x, Spring 2.x, and Spring MVC
5. I am using DWR 2.0.x, Spring 2.x, but I am not using Spring MVC

dwr.xml:

If you are using an older version (pre 2.x) of DWR or Spring, DWR still provides integration with Spring through the Spring Creator. This configuration requires a dwr.xml configuration.  Information on this set-up is covered in the DWR manual.

If you are using DWR 2.0.x, Spring 2.x dwr.xml is not required. You can use the new DWR namespace feature in your Spring xml even if you are not using Spring MVC.

You can download the files from this article here. This includes all the source, configuration, and a ready to run web-app.

Step 1: Web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
  http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4"> 
   
   <listener>
     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
   </listener>

   <context-param>
     <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
     <param-value>
       classpath:dwrSampleApp2.xml
     </param-value>
   </context-param>

   <servlet>
     <servlet-name>dwr</servlet-name>
     <servlet-class>org.directwebremoting.spring.DwrSpringServlet</servlet-class>
     <init-param>
       <param-name>debug</param-name>
       <param-value>true</param-value>
     </init-param>
   </servlet>

   <servlet-mapping>
     <servlet-name>dwr</servlet-name>
     <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping> 

</web-app>

Since we are not using Spring MVC there are two things that we need to take care of in the web.xml:

1. We need a way for our application to find and load our Spring configuration. There is more than one way to do this but I recommend using a Spring ContextLoadListener.
2. The DwrSpringServlet needs to be specified and all DWR requests need to be mapped to it.

Step 2: Spring xml/Application Context (for this example, dwrSampleApp2.xml)

1. Add the DWR namespace declarations to dwrSampleApp2.xml:

   <beans
     xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:dwr="http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
       http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr
       http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr-2.0.xsd">
   

2. Configure DWR with the configuration tag.

   For this example we are returning an Address POJO from our DWR service. We need to tell DWR to convert the Address POJO with DWR’s “bean” converter. The configuration tag’s children elements mimic the behavior of dwr.xml elements. If you are familiar with the options available in dwr.xml — setting up this tag should be second nature.

   Add the dwr:configuration tag to dwrSampleApp2.xml:

     <dwr:configuration>
       <dwr:convert type="bean" class="org.uk.ltd.dwr.dev.model.Address" />
     </dwr:configuration>
   

3. Expose your Beans to DWR with the remote tag.

   Add the following bean to dwrSampleApp2.xml:

     <bean id="dwrService" class="org.uk.ltd.dwr.dev.service.DWRService">
       <dwr:remote javascript="dwrService">
         <dwr:include method="getAddress" />   
       </dwr:remote>
     </bean>
     
   

You can download the files from this article here. This includes all the source, configuration, and a ready to run web-app.

If you are using DWR 2.0.x, Spring 2.x, with Spring MVC, dwr.xml is not required. You can use the new DWR namespace feature in your Spring xml.

This page assumes you know how to use Spring MVC, you have a Spring Dispatcher Servlet mapped (dwrSampleApp), and you are ready to integrate Spring with DWR. I strongly encourage you to have a working configuration before attempting to integrate DWR.

You can download the files from this article here. This includes all the source, configuration, and a ready to run web-app.

Step 1: Web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
  http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4"> 
  <servlet> 
    <servlet-name>dwrSampleApp</servlet-name> 
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 
    <init-param> 
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
      <param-value> classpath:dwrSampleApp.xml</param-value> 
    </init-param> 
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 
  </servlet> 
  <servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>dwrSampleApp</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping> 
  <servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>dwrSampleApp</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping> 
</web-app> 

We have added two mappings to the Dispatcher Servlet (*.html and /dwr/*). The problem with the “*.html” mapping alone is that it will not handle all of the DWR requests (described in the next section ‘Spring Application Context’). So, depending on how you have your mappings configured the /dwr/* mapping will or will not be necessary. The key thing to remember is that DWR requests need to be mapped to the configured DispatcherServlet.

Step 2: Spring xml/Application Context (for this example, dwrSampleApp.xml)

1. Add the DWR namespace declarations to dwrSampleApp.xml:

   <beans
     xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:dwr="http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
       http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr
       http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr-2.0.xsd">

2. Create a DWR Controller and a way for Spring (SimpleUrlHandlerMapping) to map DWR requests to this controller. The DWR Controller needs to handle the following requests:
   • /dwr/engine.js
   • /dwr/util.js
   • /dwr/interface/**
   • /dwr/call/**

   Add the DWR Controller to dwrSampleApp.xml:

    <dwr:controller id="dwrController" debug="true" />  

3. Create the mapping from DWR requests to the DWR controller. There are several ways to create this mapping but I feel the following is the easiest to comprehend and the least verbose option:

   Add the SimpleUrlHandlerMapping to dwrSampleApp.xml:

   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
     <property value="true" name="alwaysUseFullPath"></property> 
     <property name="mappings">
       <props> 
         <prop key="/dwr/**/*">dwrController</prop>
       </props>
    </property> 
   </bean>

   Please note the use of the alwaysUseFullPath property. If this is not set to true (by default it is false) we will have to map all of the required DWR requests:

   <prop key="/interface/**">dwrController</prop>

   etc., etc.

   Why? Because we have mapped /dwr/* to the DispatcherServlet in web.xml, what gets passed into the SimpleUrlHandlerMapping is everything after the /dwr/ (We are not matching on the entire path, because alwaysUseFullPath is false by default). I think not understanding how the SimpleUrlHandlerMapping works is one of the most common problems with this configuration. This has nothing to do with DWR directly, but the DWR mailing list pays the price!

   Another important note about Handler Mappings:

   It is important to note that the creation of the SimpleUrlHandlerMapping may cause your existing mappings to fail if you have not explicitly created a Handler Mapping in your Spring configuration.  By default Spring creates a BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping if you have not explicitly created a Handler Mapping.  So when the SimpleUrlHandlerMapping is created for DWR, Spring will no longer create the default BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping and existing mappings will not work.  Spring allows you to have multiple Handler Mappings, so to fix this you need to create a BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping explicitly in your spring.xml (in addition to the SimpleUrlHandlerMapping).  See the Spring documentation section 13.4.1 for more information.

4. Configure DWR with the configuration tag.

   For this example we are returning an Address POJO from our DWR service. We need to tell DWR to convert the Address POJO with DWR’s “bean” converter. The configuration tag’s children elements mimic the behavior of dwr.xml elements. If you are familiar with the options available in dwr.xml — setting up this tag should be second nature.

   Add the dwr:configuration tag to dwrSampleApp.xml:

   <dwr:configuration> 
     <dwr:convert class="org.uk.ltd.dwr.dev.model.Address" type="bean" />
   </dwr:configuration>

5. Expose your Beans to DWR with the remote tag.

   Add the following bean to dwrSampleApp.xml:

   <bean class="org.uk.ltd.dwr.dev.service.DWRService" id="dwrService"> 
     <dwr:remote javascript="dwrService"> 
       <dwr:include method="getAddress"/> 
     </dwr:remote> 
   </bean> 

You can download the files from this article here. This includes all the source, configuration, and a ready to run web-app.